Eusebius of Caesarea, Onomasticon (1971) Translation. pp. 1-75.

Ararat, Armenia.¹ Scripture says that the ark came to rest (after the deluge) in the mountains of Ararat. It is asserted that the remains of the ark are still shown on the mountains of Armenia. Jeremiah also mentions Ararat in his vision against Babylon. In the first book of the Antiquities of the Jews Josephus likewise sets forth the story of the place. Upon the testimony of non-scriptural witnesses he derives this information:

Achad.² City of King Nebrod in Babylon. [According to the Hebrews this is said to be the Mesopotamia city which today is called Nisibis. It was once besieged and captured by Lucullus the Roman consul and within a few years was given over by Emperor Iovianus to the Persians.]

Aggai (Ai).³ To the west of Bethel. They are not far distant from one another. Bethel is now located on the left side of the road going from Neapolis to Jerusalem at about the 12th milestone from Jerusalem. Bethel even now exists. [A church has also been built there where Jacob slept on the way to Mesopotamia whence this place was given the name Bethel which means "house of God". But for Aggai, a deserted place, there are shown only ruins. This is also called in Scripture Gai. [It should be remarked that there is no letter G in Hebrew but it was called Ai, written with the letter called by them Ain.]

Astarōth Karnaein.⁴ Territory of the giants situated above (on the ridge). Sodom which Chodollagomor captured (destroyed). Today there are two towns (forts) of this name in Batabia or Beloloun the cities of Adara and Abila, about nine miles apart.

Arbō. [Arboc.⁵ In our codex written corruptly as Arboc, Arbo is the reading in the Hebrew. That means "four" since this is where the three patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob along with the "great Adam" are buried. So in the book of Josue. Perhaps some suppose this tradition that he was buried in the location of Calgary.] "That is, Hebron" now a large town which was formerly a metropolis of the foreigners where giants dwelled. Afterwards the capital of David. It was allotted to the tribe of Juda and was a Levitical city and one of the cities of refuge. It is twenty-two miles south of Jerusalem. The oak of Abraham [which is also Mamrē, was pointed out up to the time of Constantine, emperor of Rome] and his tomb are seen there [a church has been constructed there by us]. The terebinth where angels were entertained by Abraham is openly revered by the people (in the vicinity as a religious place). Formerly it was called Arbo but later Hebron after Hebron one of the sons of Caleb according to Paralipomenon.

Ailam (Ailath).⁶ Is situated at the extremity of Palestine between the southern desert and the Red Sea where cargo was transported by ship from both Egypt and India. A detachment of the Tenth Roman Legion is stationed there. Properly called Aila today (it was formerly pronounced Ailath) from whence the ancient people the Ailamites whose king was Chodollagomor [who is mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles]. Another Ailam of the foreigners (of Palestine) is noted in Kings.

Adama.⁷ One of the five cities of Sodom which was destroyed with the others.

Asasan Thamar (Asasonthamar).⁸ Where the Amorrites dwelled whom Chodollagomor destroyed is located near the wilderness of Cades. It is said there is a village Tharmara (a fortThamara) one day journey from Mapsis on the road from Hebron to Ailam. Today there is a garrison (Roman fort) of soldiers there."

Aloua (Allus).⁹ Region of the princes of Edom (the Edomite) which is now in the Gebalene near the city of Petra.

Ainan (Aenam).¹⁰ "On the road to Thamna." Now Ainan is a deserted place near Thamna which today is a large populous town situated between Jerusalem and Diospolis. There is a spring near the place said to be Ainan beside which an idol used to be worshiped by the inhabitants. [There is a spring at the above mentioned place Aena whence Aenan, that is "spring" gets its name, where a strange, large idol is revered by the inhabitants. But the Hebrews declare that Aenan does not designate a place but a crossroad where a clear prospect is required to choose one road from another.]

[Ailōn Atad (Areaatad).¹¹ "Which is beyond the Jordan" where they mourned Jacob. The place is three miles from Jericho and two from the Jordan. It is now called Bethagla which is interpreted "place of circling" because there (according to custom) they were circling in lamentation over Jacob.]

EXODUS

Ailim (Aelim).¹² "Where there were twelve springs of water and seventy palm trees." A station of the children of Israel on the desert (to which Moses came after crossing the Red Sea).

[Ailous (Aelim).¹³ Station of the children of Israel in the desert (in the desert where the children of Israel made camp).]

NUMBERS AND DEUTERONOMY

Aserōth.¹⁴ Part of the desert where "Mariam and Aaron spoke against Moses." Once the Avvim dwelt in Aseroth as far as (the city) Gaza. [But rather this is not called Aseroth but Aserim in Hebrew.]

Asemōna.¹⁵ Station of the children of Israel in the desert.

Aētharim.¹⁶ For Aquila and Symmachus (interpreted) "road of the spies." There "the Canaanite who lived in the Negreb" (south) came and fought the Israelite in the desert.

Aiē or Achelgai.¹⁷ Symmachus (interpreted) "on the hills." It is said to be "fronting Moab" (now) Areopolis, "on the east."

Arnōn.¹⁸ [A high cliff] "which extends from the territory of the Amorrites" situated between "Moab and the Amorrites" it is also the "border of Moab." Which is Areopolis in Arabic. Today a place called Arnon is pointed out by the nearby inhabitants extending north to Areopolis. Units of soldiers are spread out there to guard it because of the dangers in that place (soldiers from many forts are spread out because of the many bloody and formidable invasions). Once Sehon, king of the Amorrites, took it from the Moabites. (Once this belonged to the Moabites but Sehon, king of the Amorrites, waged war against it and took it.) Afterwards it was given to the children of Israel who took possession of the territory beyond the Jordan reaching from the Arnon to Mt.Hermon and Lebanon. (The territory of the children of Israel beyond the Jordan beginning at the Arnon extends up to Mt.Hermon and Lebanon.)

Ar.¹⁹ Place (or city) on the Arnon which according to the Septuagint LXX (hereafter LXX) [the Septuagint interprets with a long vowel] Er.

Aēsimōn.²⁰ Place in the desert [in short this word itself signifies arid land or desert].

Abelsattein (Abelsattim).²¹ Place in the desert "to the west of Moab" (south).

Azōr (Iazer).²² "Boundary of the children of Ammon" (border city of Ammon) which is called Philadelphia now. It along with Philadelphia delimits the region of the Amorrites. There is eight miles (about) from Philadelphia a village Azer (Iazer) remaining today.

Aroēr.²³ "It is on the edge of the Wadi Arnon." A city of Moab which the Emin, an ancient people, once possessed, which the children of Lot, that is those from Moab, seized [and overthrew the former inhabitants]. It is today pointed out perched on the brow of the mountain where the torrent flows through the gorge (abruptly) to the Dead Sea. Aroer was given by lot to the tribe of Gad and is said to be "toward" (opposite) "Rabba."

Astarōth.²⁴ The ancient city of Og [king of Basan] where giants dwelled. It was given to the tribe of Manasse. It is located in the Batanea six miles from Adraa a city of Arabia. Adraa is twenty-five miles from Bostra. Note also the previous Astaroth Karaein.

Agrou Skopia.²⁵ (Lookout). Mountain of Moab to which Balac [son of Sepphor] brought Balaam "on the peak of cursing" overlooking the Dead Sea. It is still pointed out not far from the Arnon. (Diviner to curse against Israel above the precipice which because it falls quite strongly is called "cleft" and impinges over the Dead Sea not far from the Arnon.)

Arabōth Mōab.²⁶ Where the people were numbered a second time. Aquila "on the plain of Moab." Symmachus "on the field of Moab." "It is on the Jordan opposite Jericho." A place is pointed out now near Mt.Phogor which is located on the road from Livias to Hesebon of Arabia opposite Jericho.

Araba. Aquila ²⁷ "In the plain." Symmachus "in the field." Theodotion "in the west." Symmachus also once "uncultivatable."

Astarōth (Ataroth).²⁸ Ancient city of the Amorrites in Peraia [across the Jordan] which was given by lot to the tribe of Gad. Adtaroth is also the name of the son of Salma or Salomon according to Paralipomenon.

Astarōth Sōphar (Ataroth Sofan).²⁹ This is also a city of the tribe of Gad.

Arad.³⁰ City of the Amorrites near the desert of Cades. There is now (shown) a village four miles from Malaatha, and twenty from Hebron. Tribe of Juda.

Asemōna.³¹ A city in the desert south of Judaea. It determines the border between Egypt and the sea [and the lot of] the tribe of Juda. Note another [Asemōna above], a camp [of the children of Israel].

Akrabbein (Acrabbi).³² Eastern boundary of Judaea. Tribe of Juda. There is a large village nine miles east of Neapolis on the road descending via the so-called Akrabattine toward the Jordan at Jericho. The Akrabbein is said to be also the region of the Amorrites from which according to Judges "the tribe of Nephthali did not drive out" the heathen.

Asadadda (Asadada).³³ Northern boundary of Judaea.

[Arad.³⁴ This is also a boundary of Judaea], twenty miles south of Hebron. Note another above.

Asarēnan (Asarenam).³⁵ Northern boundary of Judaea.

Aserna (Asernai).³⁶ This is also a boundary of Judaea.

Arbēla.³⁷ Eastern boundary of Judaea. There is a village of Arbela across the Jordan in the region of Pella, a city of Palestine. Another Arbela lies in the Great Plain nine mile north from Legeon.

Aulōn.³⁸ [Not Greek as one might think since this is a Hebrew word] The Great long plain is still called the Aulon. It is bordered on both sides by mountains [and is very long] extending from Lebanon to the desert of Pharan. In the Aulon [that is the valley plain] is the famous city [Tiberias] and nearby the lake, Scythopolis, Jericho and the Dead Sea and their surrounding regions. The Jordan flows through the midst of the whole region (which river) arising from the springs near Paneas and disappearing into the Dead Sea.

Amalēkitis (Amalecitis).³⁹ Territory in the desert to the south of Judaea beyond the city called Petra going toward Aila. The Scripture emphasizes this, "Amalek lived in the region of the Negeb (south)." From this region other Canaanites came and fought the children of Israel in the desert. The same Scripture testifies "The Amalecites and Canaanites are living in the valley."

Araba.⁴⁰ [Aquila "plain." Symmachus] "field." Note above also. There is a village called Araba in the district of Diocaesarea [which was formerly called Safforinia] and another about three miles west of Scythopolis.

Amman.⁴¹ This is now Philadelphia, a famous city of Arabia. "The Raphaim formerly lived" there. The sons of Lot drove out the inhabitants who lived there in Amman before them.

Argob.⁴² Territory of the kingdom of Og [king of Basan] above the Jordan which was taken [by lot] by the half tribe of Manasse. There is even now a village called Erga near Gerash, a city of Arabia, fifteen miles to the west. It is interpreted by Symmachus "outskirts."

Asēdōth.⁴³ City of the Amorrites which was given [by lot] to the tribe of Ruben. It is called Asedoth Phasga which is "hewn in rock" (in our tongue "cut away").

Abareim (Abarim).⁴⁴ The mountain on which Moses died. It is said to be "Mt.Nebo which is in the land of Moab facing Jericho "beyond the Jordan on the summit of Phasga." The very same names are pointed out when one goes from Livias to Hesebon near Mt.Phogor itself which still bears that name, from which the territory is also even now called Phasga.

Auōth Iaeir (Avothiair).⁴⁵ [Which is interpreted "home of Iair."] It is in Basan (where there are sixty villages in Mt.Galaad). There is a village Iaeir in the mountains of Galaad which was taken (by lot) by the half tribe of Manasse. It is now in the place called Gonia (Golan) in the (region of) Batanaea.

JOSHUE

Antilibanos (Antilibanus).⁴⁶ What is beyond the Lebanon to the East toward (near) region of Damascus (is called Antilibanus). Tribe of Manasse (which the tribe of Manasse received by lot).

Azēka (Azeca).⁴⁷ City of the Chanaanites to which Josue pursued the five kings. It was given to the tribe of Juda. There is even now a village called Azeka between Eleutheropolis and Jerusalem.

Ailōm (Aialon).⁴⁸ Ravine. Where "the moon" stood when Josue prayed, near the village which is even today called Aialon, three miles from Bethel to the east. It is near Gabaa and Rama, cities of Saul. [The Hebrews assert the town of Aialon to be near Nicopolis in the second mile on the road to Jerusalem.]

Achōr.⁴⁹ The valley called Achor [in Hebrew emecachor which means valley of confusion or violence because of the confusion or violence in Israel] where they stoned Achor (Achan), who stole what was under ban from whom Achor is named. It lies north of Jericho and is even now the name by those nearby [by the inhabitants. Mentioned by Osee the prophet.]

Asēdōth.⁵⁰ This is another city [not that which has the same name above] which Josue fought, killing its king.

Asōr.⁵¹ City of King Jabin which Josue burned because it was alone "chief of all the kingdoms of the foreigners (Philistines)." There is even now another village called Asor in the eastern region of Ascalon. Give [by lot] to the tribe of Juda. Scripture also knows the new Asor [calling it so to distinguish it from the old].

Aermōn.⁵² Territory of the Hevites captured by Josue. [The Hebrews properly as the reading indicates, affirm that Mt. Hermon is near Paneas which was once held by the Hevites and the Amorrites, from where in summer delicacies of snow are brought down now to Tyre.]

Alak (Aalac).⁵³Aquila "division of the mountain." Symmachus "smooth mountain" [that is clear or slippery]. A mountain above Paneas.

Aermōn.⁵⁴ Mountain of the Amorrites [which is reported] the Phoenicians called Sanior and the Amorrites called it "This Sanir." They say it is the mountain even now called Mt. Hermon which is revered as a shrine by the gentiles (on its summit is a wonderful temple where the people worship) opposite (near) Paneas and Lebanon. To the east is the boundary of the inheritance of the children of Israel beyond the Jordan (extends) from Mt.Hermon to the Wadi Arnon.

Anōb.⁵⁵ A city which Josue fought. There is even now a village near Diospolis, four miles to the east called Betoannaba. [Others however affirm it located eight miles from there and is called Bethannaba.]

Asdōd.⁵⁶ Which is also (now called) Azotus. The Enacim remained in it (giants as they were called). Today it is a famous city of Palestine. It was in the lot of the tribe of Juda.

Ader.⁵⁷ A city which Josue fought, killing its king.

Aphek (Afec).⁵⁸ A city which Josue also fought, killing its king.

Aksaph (Acsaf).⁵⁹ This king Josue also fought. It is reported there is a village (called) Chasalous in the plain below Mt.Thabor eight miles from Diocaesarea.

Akkarōn (Accaron).⁶⁰ (In) tribe of Dan [or as I determine in the tribe of Juda]. "It is counted among the Chanaanites." One city of the five satrapies of the heathen (Palestine) which was also allotted to the tribe of Judah. But they did not possess it since they did not destroy the heathen (never were able to expel the original inhabitants from it). There is also a large village of Jews called Accaron between Azotus and Iamnia to the east. [Some believe Accaron to be the Tower of Strato afterwards called Caesarea.]

Azōtos (Azotus).⁶¹ Which is called (above) Asdod. The (not ignoble) city of Palestine still remains. Formerly one of the five satraps of the heathen which was also allotted to Juda, but they did not possess it because they did not destroy the heathen (were not able to expel the original inhabitants).

Askalōn (Ascalon).⁶² A renowned city of Palestine. Formerly one of the five satrapies (of the heathen) which was allotted to Judah but they did not possess it because they did not destroy the heathen (were not able to overcome its inhabitants).

Apheka (Afeca).⁶³ Boundary "of the Amorrites" beyond the Jordan which was given to the tribe of Ruben. There is now a large village (castle) called Aphec near Hippos a city of Palestine.

Algad (Agad).⁶⁴ (Located) "at (the foot of) Mt.Hermon."

Aimath (Aemoth).⁶⁵ City of the valley was given to Ruben. They say there is now a village Amathous in the lower Peraea (beyond the Jordan), south of Pella. Another village near Gadaranis (named) Emmath where there is hot water (where hot water flows forth) for hot baths. In Kings it is said, "from the entrance of Emath unto the sea of the Arabia" (that is wilderness) which is the Dead Sea. [I have however discovered upon investigation a city of Coele Syria called Aemath which is now called Epifania in the Greek tongue.]

Ammon.⁶⁶ Beyond the Jordan. City of the tribe of Gad. It is Amman or Philadelphia, a famous city of Arabia.

Adira.⁶⁷ (In) the tribe of Juda near the desert. There is another village in the region of Diospolis near Thamnitike which region itself is called after the village Thamna.

Akarka.⁶⁸ Symmachus "the ground." A village near the desert. Tribe of Juda.

Achōr.⁶⁹ (In) the [tribe of Juda. Note also above.

Adommim].⁷⁰ (Lot of) the tribe of Juda. (Once) a little village, now deserted. The place is called Maledamim on the road going down from Jerusalem to Jericho. A garrison is there. [In Greek "the ascent of blood." The Latin also calls it the ascent of red or redness for the blood of those so often poured out by the soldiers. It is also on the boundary of the tribes of Juda and Benjamin. A fort of soldiers is located there to help travelers. This is the place of the wounded and bloodied of which the Lord speaks in the Parable of the one going down from Jerusalem to Jericho.]

Amam.⁷¹ (In) the tribe of Juda.

Aser.⁷² (In) the tribe of Juda. There is now a large village called Aser on the road from Azotus to Ascalon.

Asarsoual (Asarsual).⁷³ (In) the tribe of Juda.

Ain.⁷⁴ (In) the tribe of Juda. (City) set aside for priests. There is now a village called Bethanin two miles from the terebinth (that is the tent of Abraham) and four from Hebron.

Asthaōl.⁷⁵ (In) the tribe of Juda. There is (remains today) now a (little) village called Astha between Azotus and Ascalon.

Asna.⁷⁶ (In) the tribe of Juda.

Adolam (Adollam).⁷⁷ (In) the tribe of Juda. A large (not small) village (called by that name) is now ten miles east of Eleutheropolis.

Adiathaim (Adithaim).⁷⁸ (In the lot of) the tribe of Juda. It is reported that there is a village Adia near Gaza and another Adatha near Diospolis to the east.

Adasa.⁷⁹ (In) the tribe of Juda. There is now even a village near Gophna. [But I wonder how Gufna region can possibly be in the tribe of Juda. Evidently it should be as again in the Book of Josue I is given to the lot of Ephraim.]

Ather.⁸⁰ (In) the tribe of Juda.

Asan.⁸¹ (In) the tribe of Juda. There is now also a village called Bethasan in the region of Jerusalem sixteen miles (in the fifteenth) to the west.

Asema.⁸² (In) the tribe of Juda.

Achzeib (Agzif).⁸³ (In) the tribe of Juda.

Anab.⁸⁴ (In) the tribe of Juda. It is even now in the in the boundary of Eleutheropolis. Also another large village of the Jews called Ania in the Daroma nine miles south Hebron.

Asthemō (Asthemof).⁸⁵ (In) the tribe of Juda. This village (of the Jews) is also in the Daroma north of Aneon.

Aneim (Anim).⁸⁶ (In) the tribe of Juda. Another Anaia near the former (of which we spoke above) now happens to be wholly Christian (all its inhabitants are Christians) to the east of the first.

Aphaka (Afeca).⁸⁷ (In) the tribe of Juda.

Amata (Ammata).⁸⁸ (In) the tribe of Juda.

Arebba.⁸⁹ (In) the tribe of Juda.

Archiatarōth (Ataroth).⁹⁰ City of the tribe of Joseph [near Rama in the tribe of Joseph].

Atarōth.⁹¹ (City of) the tribe of Ephraim. There is now also a village Ataros four miles north of Sebaste (it is said).

Adar.⁹² City of the tribe of Ephraim.

Asēr.⁹³ City of the tribe of Manasse. There is also now (pointed out) a village called thus on the road (descending) from Neapolis to Scythopolis in the fifteenth mile near the main highway.

Atarōth.⁹⁴ City of the lot (tribe) of Benjamin. There are now two Ataroths near Jerusalem.

Anathōth.⁹⁵ City or the lot of Benjamin. Set aside for priests near Jerusalem at the third milestone. The home of Jeremia the prophet.

Adar (Addar).⁹⁶ City of the lot of Benjamin.

Ailmōn (Aelomon).⁹⁷ City or lot (tribe) of Benjamin. Set aside for priests.

Amekkasis (Amez-casis).⁹⁸ City or lot of Benjamin [that is valley of Casis in tribe of Benjamin].

[Aueim (Avim).⁹⁹ (In tribe of) lot of Benjamin.]

Aphra.¹⁰⁰ (In tribe of) lot of Benjamin. There is also even now a village Aphra (in of Bethel) five miles to the east.

Ammōenia (Ammoeniam).¹⁰¹ (In the tribe of) lot of Benjamin.

Aphnei (Afni).¹⁰² (In tribe of) lot of Benjamin.

Alph.¹⁰³ Lot of Benjamin. (This entry is missing in Latin.)

Arēm (Arim).¹⁰⁴ (In tribe of) lot of Benjamin. It in now a village near Diospolis called Bethariph.

Amsa.¹⁰⁵ (In tribe of) lot of Benjamin.

Asar.¹⁰⁶ (In tribe of) lot of Simeon.

Anan.¹⁰⁷ (In tribe of) lot of Simeon.

Amarchabob.¹⁰⁸ (In tribe of) lot of Simeon.

Ain.¹⁰⁹ (In tribe of) lot of Juda or Simeon. Priestly city.

Asenna.¹¹⁰ (In tribe of) lot of Simeon.

Ammathar.¹¹¹ (In tribe of) lot of Zabulon.

Anoua (Anua).¹¹² (In tribe of) lot of Zabulon. There is another village Anoua on the road from Neapolis to Jerusalem at the fifteenth (tenth) milestone.

Anathōn.¹¹³ (In the tribe of) lot of Zabulon.

Acheselōth (Achaseloth).¹¹⁴ City of (tribe of) lot of Issachar. They say there is a village (called) Chaalous in the plain by Mt.Tabor eight miles east of Diocaesarea (as we said above).

Aiphraim (Aefraim).¹¹⁵ City of (tribe of) lot of Issachar. There is a village Aphraia called Aphraia six miles north of Legeōn.

Anerth (Anereth).¹¹⁶ (In) lot of (tribe of) Issachar.

Aims (Aemes).¹¹⁷ (In) lot of (tribe of) Issachar.

Achsaph (Achsaf).¹¹⁸ (In tribe of) lot of Aser.

Alimelech.¹¹⁹Lot of Aser.

Amod (Amath).¹²⁰ (In tribe of) lot of Aser.

Abdōn.¹²¹ (In tribe of) lot of Aser. [City separated to Levites.]

Aneiēl (Aniel).¹²² (In tribe of) lot of Aser. There is a village (named) Baitonnaia, fifteen miles east of Caesarea, lying in the mountains were there are said to be healing baths.

Achran.¹²³ (In tribe of) city of Aser.

Armmōn.¹²⁴ (In tribe of) lot of Aser.

Akchō (Accho).¹²⁵ It is now called Ptolemais. Lot of Aser where Aser "did not destroy" the heathen (drive out the former inhabitants).

[Achzeiph (Achzif).¹²⁶ (In tribe of) lot of Aser, from which they did not destroy the heathen] (in which the foreigners remained). It is Ekdippa, nine miles from Ptolemais, on the road to Tyre.

Amma.¹²⁷Lot of Aser.

Aphek (Afec).¹²⁸ Lot of Aser from which they did not destroy the heathen (in which the early inhabitants remained).

Ademmei (Ademme).¹²⁹ (In tribe of) lot of Nephthali.

Asedeim (Aseddim).¹³⁰ (In tribe of) lot of Nephthali.

Amath.¹³¹ (In tribe of) lot of Nephthali.

Adami.¹³² (In tribe of) lot of Nephthali.

Asōr.¹³³Lot of Nephthali. (It is written) the King of Assyria also destroyed this.

Azanōth.¹³⁴ Boundary of Nephthali. (Now there is also) a village in the plain in the region of Diocaesarea.

Ailōn.¹³⁵ City of the lot of Dan. Separated to the Levites. A village of Alon is near Nicopolis. Before "Ailon" Origen (Septuagint) interprets "where there were bears."

JUDGES

Arad.¹³⁶ City where "the children of Iothor (omitted pr. n.), of Iobab father-in-law of Moses" dwelled in the midst of Israel.

Ared.¹³⁷ Spring beside which Gadeon camped.

Arisōth.¹³⁸ City of Sisara, general of Jabin. Tabis is now a great city (village) beyond the Jordan six miles from the city of Pella on the road to Geresh.

[Ares.¹³⁹ Ascet of Hares. Aquila "thicket." Symmachus "mountain."]

Aroueir (Aruir).¹⁴⁰ Where Jephte fought. It is a village in the mountains six miles north of Jerusalem.

Arima.¹⁴¹ Where Abimelech was crowned.

Aialon (Aialin).¹⁴² City "in the land of Zabulon." Home of Elon the judge of Israel.

Abel.¹⁴³ Of the vineyards. Where Jephte fought. Land of the children of Amman. There is even now a village Abela, a fertile vineyard, (to be seen in the seventh) six miles from Philadelphia. Also another famous wine producing city called Abela is twelve miles east of Gadara. And there is (still) a third Abela of the Phoenicians (in Phoenicia) between Damascus and Paneas.

KINGS

Armthem Seipha (Sofim).¹⁴⁴ City of Elcana and Samuel. It is situated (in the region of Thamna) near Diospolis. The home of Joseph who was from Arimathea in the Gospels.

Abenezer.¹⁴⁵ A stone of help (hearing or of help). Place where "the heathen carried away the ark of the covenant" between Jerusalem and Ascalon near the village of Bethaamas.

Aphesdomeim (Afesdomim).¹⁴⁶ Where Saul fought. Aquila (interprets) "on the boundary of Dommein."

Anegb (Annegeb).¹⁴⁷Aquila "south." Symmachus "south."

Arith.¹⁴⁸ Where David dwelled. There is a village (named) Arath west of Jerusalem.

Aialim.¹⁴⁹Aquila (translates) "of the deer." Theodotion "the stones of the deer."

Aendōr.¹⁵⁰ (Which is "in Jezrahel" where the children of Israel prepared for battle. There is now a large town Endor four miles south of Mt.Thabor.

Aphek (Afec).¹⁵¹ Near Endor of Jezrahel where the war broke out against Saul.

Arma.¹⁵² Where David sent some of "the spoils."

Athach.¹⁵³ Where David sent some of the "spoils."

Amma.¹⁵⁴ "By the wilderness road of Gabaon."

Aeththam Adassai (Aethon Adasai).¹⁵⁵ (Which for Symmachus is (interpreted) "the lower road."

Alōn Area Orna.¹⁵⁶ This is Jerusalem.

Assour.¹⁵⁷ City in Judaea which Solomon built.

Abelmaelai (Abelmaula).¹⁵⁸ One of the capital cities of Solomon. Home of Eliseus (the prophet). There is now a village called Bethmaela (Bethmaula) in the Aulon [of which we have spoken above], ten miles from Scythopolis (to the south). There is also a (little village Abelmea seen on the road from (between) Neapolis to (and) Scythopolis.

Auothiaeir (Avothiair).¹⁵⁹ One of the capital cities of Solomon.

Ailath.¹⁶⁰ "On the shore of the red sea in the land of Edom." Note above Ailas also.

Ailōth (Aeloth).¹⁶¹ Azarias built this.

Ainda (Aenda).¹⁶² Asa (the king) fought against this (and overthrew it).

Asiōn Babai (Asiongaber).¹⁶³ (Which is also Asion Gaber. There the ships of Josaphat were broken (the fleet was destroyed). It is said to be Aisla (Essia) quite near Aila beside the Red Sea.

Alae (Alle), Abor, Gozan.¹⁶⁴ (Names) of rivers in the territory of the Medes on whose mountains Israel was resettled (was led away captive).

Abena (Abana).¹⁶⁵ River of Damascus.

Aophsith (Aofsithe).¹⁶⁶ Or Aphousoth which Aquila (understands) "in freedom."

Aian.¹⁶⁷ The "king of Assyria" captured this.

Aia.¹⁶⁸ [Place in the territory of Assyria.

Ainath] (Ameth).¹⁶⁹ Territory of Assyria.

Asimath (Asima).¹⁷⁰ [City in the land of Judaea which] those from Aimath (Emath) built there.

Arkem (Arcem).¹⁷¹ According to Josephus this is Petra the famous city of Palestine.

Adramelech.¹⁷² Assyrian idol. The same as Anemelech (Latin omits this phrase) [which the Samaritans worshiped] which were the gods of the Samaritans.

Arōnieim (Aroniim).¹⁷³ A road (according to) Isaia. Aquila Oronaim, Symmachus Aranneim. In the vision "against the Moabs."

[Agalleim (Agallim).¹⁷⁴ Isaia (also mentions this) in his vision "against the Moabites."] There is now the village Aigalleim (Aegalim) eight miles south of Areopolis.

Aileim (Aelim).¹⁷⁵ Well of Deimmon (Dimon). [This place is also recorded in] Isaia in the vision "against the Moabites."

Arina (omitted in Latin) or also Ariel.¹⁷⁶Aquila and Symmachus "lion of God." It is asserted that this is (the same as) Areopolis since the inhabitants of Areopolis still call their idol Ariel worshiping Ares (that is Mars) from whom the city (supposedly) is named. [It seems to be, however, that as a consequence of the prophetic text Ariel signifies allegorically Jerusalem or the temple itself, and that is the lion of God who bears the rule strongly and powerfully. Concerning this I speak more fully in the book Hebrew Questions.]

Adama.¹⁷⁷ (In Isaia). Aquila and Symmachus "ground," Theodotion (interprets) "land."

Agros (Ager).¹⁷⁸ Of the fullers. According to Isaia. The place is pointed out now in the suburbs of Jerusalem.

[Asedek (Asedec).¹⁷⁹ Isaia the prophet predicts the future of this place in Egypt. Remember, however, that in Hebrew this name should be written Aares which is dryness and some interpret "'in the sun," but others translate "in the clay" probably designating either Heliopolis or Ostracinas. But these disputed matters are discussed more fully in the bookHebrew Questions.]

Arphad (Arfad).¹⁸⁰ City of Damascus against which the King of Assyria fought. (as it is written) in Isaia, Jeremia and Kings.

Anaeougaua (Aneugaua).¹⁸¹ In Isaia. Aquila [Ane and Gaua]. Symmachus "rouse up" and "humiliate." [Perhaps the U syllable in the middle of the word should be interpreted as the conjunction "and."] Also in Kings (we read about this also in Kings).

Armenia.¹⁸² (In) Isaia (Which is) Ararat. Sarasa (Latin omits).

Asel (Asael).¹⁸³ Zachariah mentions this.

Anamaēl (Anameel).¹⁸⁴ Tower of Jerusalem [as written in the book of] Zachariah.

Asademōth (Assaremoth).¹⁸⁵ In Jeremia. In Hebrew "of Sademoth" (is written). Aquila "the suburbs."

Aeniōth.¹⁸⁶ In Jeremia. Aquila "workshop" (or shop).

Alōth (Alaoth).¹⁸⁷ In Jeremia. (For which) in Hebrew Louith (Luith is written).

Aitham (Aethan).¹⁸⁸ In Jeremia. (Which) Aquila (interprets) "firm" ("powerful"). Symmachus "ancient."

THE GOSPELS

Akeldama (Aceldama).¹⁸⁹ "Field of blood." in the Gospels. It is even now pointed out on the north (south side) of Mt. Zion in Jerusalem.

Ainōn (Aenon).¹⁹⁰ "Near Saleim" (Salim), where John baptized according to the Gospel of John. The place is pointed out even now eight miles south of Scythopolis near Salalm (Salim) and the Jordan.